essentials of medical pharmacology

INTRODUCTION

Pharmacology

Pharmacology is the science of drugs (Greek: Pharmacon--d.rug; logos-discourse in) . In a broad
sense, it deals with interaction of exogenously adrrllnistered chemical molecules (drugs) with
living systems. It encompasses all aspects of knowledge about drugs, but most importantly
those that are relevant to effective and safe use for medicinal purposes.
The two main divisions of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics-

Pharmacodynamics (Greek: dynnmis-power)

- What the drug does to the body.
This includes physiological and biochemical effects of drugs and their mechanism of actionat organ system/ subcellular I macromolecular levels, e.g.- Adrenaline􀂜 interaction with adrenoceptors 􀀦 G-protein mediated stimulation of cell membrane bound adenylyl cyclase􀂜 increased intracellular cyclic 3',5' AMP􀀦 cardiac stimulation,hepatic glycogenolysis and hyperglycaemia,etc.

Pharmacokinetics (Greek: Kinesis-movement)

- What the body does to the drug.
This refers to movement of the drug in and alteration of the drug by the body; includes absorption,
distribution, binding/localization/ storage, biotransformation and excretion of the drug, e.g.
paracetarnol is rapidly and almost completely absorbed orally attaining peak blood levels at
30-60 min; 25% bound to plasma proteins, widely and almost uniformly distributed in the body
(volume of distribution - lL/kg); extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by glucuronide
and sulfate conjugation into inactive metabolites which are excreted in urine; has a plasma half
life (tVz) of 2-3 hours and a clearance value of 5 ml/kg/min.
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