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Harsh Mohan - Textbook of Pathology, 6th Edition

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DEFINITION OF PATHOLOGY The word ‘Pathology’ is derived from two Greek words—pathos meaning suffering, and logos meaning study. Pathology is, thus,scientific study of structure and function of the body in disease; or in other words, pathology consists of the abnormalities that occur in normal anatomy (including histology) and physiology owing to disease. Another commonly used term with reference to study of diseases is ‘pathophysiology’ comprised by two words: patho=suffering; physiology=study of normal function. Pathophysiology, thus, includes study of disordered function or breakdown of homeostasis in diseases. Pathologists are the diagnosticians of disease. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of pathology is essential for all would-be doctors,general medical practitioners and specialists since unless they know the causes, mechanisms, nature and type of disease, and understand the language spoken by the pathologist in the form of laboratory reports, they would not be able to ...
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The goal of physiology is to  explain the physical and chemical factors that are responsible for the origin, development, and progression of life. Each type of life, from the simple virus to the largest tree or the complicated human being, has its own functional characteristics. Therefore, the vast field of physiology can be divided into viral physiology, bacterial physiology, cellular physiology, plant physiology, human physiology, and many more subdivisions. Human Physiology. In human physiology, we attempt to explain the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being. The very fact that we remain alive is the result of complex control systems, for hunger makes us seek food and fear makes us seek refuge. Sensations of cold make us look for warmth. Other forces cause us to seek fellowship and to reproduce. Thus, the human being is, in many ways, like an automaton, and the fact that we are sensing, feeling, and knowledgeable beings is part ...
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essentials of medical pharmacology

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INTRODUCTION Pharmacology Pharmacology is the science of drugs (Greek: Pharmacon--d.rug; logos-discourse in) . In a broad sense, it deals with interaction of exogenously adrrllnistered chemical molecules (drugs) with living systems. It encompasses all aspects of knowledge about drugs, but most importantly those that are relevant to effective and safe use for medicinal purposes. The two main divisions of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics- Pharmacodynamics (Greek: dynnmis-power) - What the drug does to the body. This includes physiological and biochemical effects of drugs and their mechanism of actionat organ system/ subcellular I macromolecular levels, e.g.- Adrenaline􀂜 interaction with adrenoceptors 􀀦 G-protein mediated stimulation of cell membrane bound adenylyl cyclase􀂜 increased intracellular cyclic 3',5' AMP􀀦 cardiac stimulation,hepatic glycogenolysis and hyperglycaemia,etc. Pharmacokinetics (Greek: Kinesis-movement) - What the body do...
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